Chemistry

• ▶ Atomic Structure

  Definition

  Atomic structure is the study of atoms, their subatomic particles, and how electrons are arranged around the nucleus.

  Important Facts

  • Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons.
  • Electron arrangement determines chemical properties.
  • Atomic number = number of protons.

  • ▶ Periodic Table

    Definition

    The periodic table organizes elements according to their atomic numbers and properties.

    Important Facts

    Important Facts

    • 118 known elements.
    • Elements in the same group have similar properties.
    • Periods represent electron shells.

    • ▶ Inorganic Chemistry

      Studies metals, minerals, salts and non-carbon compounds.

      • Includes acids, bases and salts.
      • Important in industries.
    • ▶ Organic Chemistry

      Studies carbon compounds.

      • Basis of life.
      • Includes hydrocarbons and polymers.
    • ▶ Coordination Chemistry

      Studies metal complexes and ligands.

      • Important in biology and medicine.
• ▶ Chemical Bonding

  Chemical bonding explains how atoms combine.

  • Ionic bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • Metallic bonds
• ▶ States of Matter

  Matter exists as solid, liquid, gas and plasma.

• ▶ Chemical Reactions

  Chemical reactions transform substances into new products.

  • ▶ Thermodynamics

    Studies energy changes in reactions.

  • ▶ Kinetics

    Studies reaction rates.

  • ▶ Equilibrium

    Studies reversible reactions.

• ▶ Acids & Bases

  Acids donate H+ ions and bases accept them.

• ▶ Electrochemistry

  Studies chemical reactions involving electricity.

• ▶ Analytical Chemistry

  Identifies and measures chemical substances.